The economic impacts of brain drain in iran abdollah mahoodi. In 2006, the international monetary fund ranked iran first in brain drain among 61 developing and less developed countries ldc in the early 1990s, more than 150,000 iranians emigrated, and an estimated 25% of iranians with postsecondary education were residing in developed countries of the oecd. Dec 18, 2017 a 2009 report by the international monetary fund imf ranked iran first in brain drain among ninetyone developed or developing countries. For instance, some while ago, staterun media announced that a significant number of doctors, nurses, and health professionals had migrated during the coronavirus outbreak. Industrialization and dependency the case of iran revised. The brain drain is measured by the migration rates of iranian nationals to the us with tertiary education, including physicians and professors.
The brain drain from iran to the united states akbar e. Permanent immigration of iranian scientific elites, also referred to as brain drain, has always been in the news over the past years. Pdf the brain drain from iran to the united states researchgate. First, during the 1960s and 1970s, the victory of the islamic revolution resulted from communication with western countries and the economic and. In russia, brain drain has been an issue since soviet times. Stanford iran 2040 project, stanford university, april 2020. This article examines and compares the discursive representation of irans brain drain.
Defining brain drain the coining of the term brain drain is generally credited to the british royal society, which used it to describe the phenomenon of british scientists moving to the us and elsewhere in the 1950s and 1960s. One in 4 of iran s most educated citizens leave their country when given the opportunity. For the islamic republic of iran, the fraction of the population with a tertiary education living in oecd countries is around 25 percent. Introduction historically, iran s immigration process is divided into three clear periods. More broadly, brain drain usually refers to the outflow of highly trained or intelligent people. This article brings to the fore the issue of the brain drain from iran that has not been examined recently. Social pathology of brain drain in yazd province, iran. To explore the genetic diversity of iran s desert plants, hossein akhani and his colleagues used to send dna samples to a company in seoul, which provided fast and reliable sequencing.
According to the international monetary fund, iran has the highest brain drain rate in the world. The brain drain phenomenon in recent years has been one of the most important and. According to this dataset, the brain drain to one country is defined by stock of physicians abroad as. Pdf why is iran experiencing migration and brain drain. Jun 27, 2017 many students leave iran for work overseas once they have completed their degrees, prompting fears of a brain drain. Torbat in this article, the underlying forces and the extent of brain drain from iran to the united states are studied. Mohammad reza iravani assistant professor department of social work, islamic azad university khomeinishahr branch, daneshjou blvd, iran. But a few weeks ago, the university of tehran biologist says, he received a letter from the company explaining that the south korean government had advised the firm not to deal with iran.
Pdf in this article, the underlying forces and the extent of brain drain from iran to the united states are studied. No less disconcerting to observers has been the associated brain drain that has accompanied disenchantment with the state policies of screening and purging, as well as declining educational opportunity in iran. Above a certain level, brain drain reduces the stock of human capital and induces occupational distortions. Dec 06, 2015 many of the articles online referring to iran s brain drain are actually quoting a 2009 imf study on brain drain that some critics say does not exist. In the past eight years and particularly the last three, millennial citizens, those born between 19811996, leaving the state of mississippi has become a staggering problem. Migration and brain drain from iran hamid and christina. The organization for economic development and cooperation oecd, on the other hand considers iran a victim of brain drain as over 20% of its nationals living abroad have higher education degrees. Between 150,000 and 180,000 elites and specialists leave the country every year, and in terms of brain drain, iran, under the mullahs regime, ranks first in the world.
Mesgaran, migration and brain drain from iran, working paper 9, stanford iran 2040 project, stanford university, april 2020. Ncri iran is ranked number one in brain drain among 91 developing and nondeveloped countries, according to a report by the imf. From 1970 to 1973 the table country of last permanent residence by groups of 24 intended occupations of immigrants in citizenship and immigration canada offers 25 information on the jobs of migrants that allows estimating brain drain according to. The national council of resistance of iran ncri and the peoples mojahedin organization of iran pmoi mek iran, reports that since the mullahs gained power in iran the country has seen an unprecedented brain drain, as some of the most talented students have fled the country. Why is iran experiencing migration and brain drain to. According to the cambridge dictionary 20 brain drain is defined as the situation in which large numbers of educated and very skilled people leave their own country to live and work in another where pay and conditions are better. The brain drain, otherwise known as human capital flight, has been described as a contentious subject, which has been challenged in recent years. Pooya azadi, stanford iran 2040 project email protected.
The concept of brain drain was first used by the british royal society to describe a. It is the situation when country loses most of its talented and educated people to other country through migration yuan, 2012. Brain over flow due to the over production or low rate of utilization of brain, some of the brains may remain wholly unabsorbed surplus because of effective demandexcess supply at home, such brain spill over and get absorbed in a foreign market. Brain drain has transformed into one of the most serious contemporary issues across the world yuan, 2012. Iran s ranking in the oecds table might appear comparatively rosy when it comes to brain drain. Montford 1997 believed that in some cases brain drain might result in economic growth of the origin country if it increases the average human capital. Iran has tried to compensate for the brain drain by introducing the graduate record bill, which calls for internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates. Brain drain in irans political discourse lancaster university. Brain drain in the health sector can be particularly damaging for citizens in developing countries as such countries are typically under resourced with generally weak institutions, so that even small losses can undermine the effectiveness of an entire health system bundred and levitt 2000. Brain drain in the caribbean 2 brain drain is in fact legitimate phenomenon.
The effects of this human phenomenon on the economy of these countries can be unpleasant and slow economic growth. Kodrzycki 2001 reported that approximately 30% of college graduates in the national longitudinal survey of youth nlsy, a. Mesgaran, migration and brain drain from iran, working paper 9. Very high inflation rate, the economy is a mess, and the recent sanctions dont make it better. Citation and correspondence please cite this working paper as.
Although in the present context of increased transfers of human capital to developed countries the brain drain is a topical issue, our focus, in line with the most recent theoretical developments, is the. Brain drain in iran in this article our assumption of brain drain is based on the definition of iran s institute for research in planning and development iprd that refers to brain drain as a process in which the continuous or periodically significant migration of elites and experts from a. Iran is wealthy, but has a serious case of dutch disease. For this reason sirdc was commissioned to undertake this study with the objective of establishing what the causes of the brain drain are and identify the measures required to reduce or stop, or even reverse the brain drain problem in zimbabwe. Iran ranks first among developing countries in terms of brain drain. In order to avoid the brain drain phenomenon, the causes and consequences should be detected prior to taking any actions. In the last decade, malaysia has witnessed exceptional rate of brain drain primarily because of its economic. For each inventor or scientist who leaves the country, it is as if 10 oil wells had been destroyed, moghadam says.
Finally, i will end by discussing some possible solutions to the counter possible effects of the brain drain on the caribbean and show the importance of moving from a mindset of brain drain to one of mutual gain. Pdf migration and brain drain from iran researchgate. Brain drain and brain gain 1 introduction this paper studies the growth effects of highly skilled migration on the origin developing countries. The brain drain is a very sensitive question, salehi acknowledges. In this article, the underlying forces and the extent of brain drain from iran to the united states are studied. The brain drain, skilled labour migration and its impact. Brain drain phenomenon and its implications for caribbean countries. Pdf on apr 8, 2020, pooya azadi and others published migration and brain drain from iran find, read and cite all the research you need on. Without skilled manpower, a country or a region cannot achieve sustainable. Here, to study the effects of brain drain from iran to developed countries, the neoclassic. The analysis starts with a simple decomposition of the brain drain in two. University professors and experts are among the elites leaving iran. During the sovietera and after the collapse of the soviet union in the early 1990s, brain drain occurred when top professionals moved to the west or to socialist states to work in economics or science. This study considers two models of migration and brain drain from iran to canada.
The term brain drain was introduced by observing the emigration of the various technologists, doctors and scientists, from various developing countries to more developed nations like usa, uk, germany. Among the remaining countries, the extent of the brain drain to all oecd members is substantialand it increases significantly compared with the u. For a country that underwent eight years of imposed war with iraq, suffered a severe brain drain of some of its best professionals and entrepreneurs after the revolution, and has been under sanctions for. Afshin molavi is a journalist and author of persian pilgrimages. International journal of business and social science vol. The extent of the brain drain from iran is a major concern. Brain drain, page 2 of 26 brain drain from college to the workforce following college, students seeking employment can either join the workforce in the same state as their college or move to a different state for work. Brain drain literature of the 1970s and 1980s mainly concentrated on short run effects rather than considering the long run effects of the brain drain. Regarding brain drain in iran, some solutions can be taken into account as follow. The example of iran epitomizes the role of the pol itical climate on the brain drain process. Pdf on apr 8, 2020, pooya azadi and others published migration and brain drain from iran find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. But a significant proportion of these iranian emigrants will have been part of the elite, because the iranian passport and the iranian currency are essentially worthless overseas, rendering emigration impossible for most ordinary iranians.
An analysis of the cause and effect of the brain drain in. Iran s brain drain crisis along with decades of detachment from the global economy, insufficient investment, entrenched corruption, closure of demographic window of opportunity, and the foreseeable decline in the relative value of the countrys fossil resources, collectively, suggest that iran could possibly lose generations of economic growth. Brain migration of this type is called brain overflow. With brain drain, iran suffers an annual loss of 150 billion dollars, as an amount of one million dollar has been expended for educating each one of them, he said. This dataset is a part of the international migration and development program world bank. This study aimed to analyze the causes and consequences of the brain drain and its effects on the development of human resources in yazd province, iran using the qualitative paradigms and grounded theory principles. It is a vital matter in the usiranian relations due to the fact that educated elite are the medium for transferring technology and know how. Pdf why is iran experiencing migration and brain drain to. International migration, remittances, and the brain drain isbn.
Brain drain can have many reasons, for examplepolitical instability of a nation, lack of opportunities, health risks, personal conflicts etc. Occasionally, officials declare their concerns about the desire of a specific group, or profession to depart the country. Analysis and assessment of the brain drain phenomenon and. Akbar torbat 2002 demonstrates how educational policies in iran propel emigration from iran to the u. Brain drain is a major global concern due to its impact on a nations development. According to the report, each year between 150 to 180 thousand educated iranians leave their country to continue their education abroad. A a number of studies suggest that the global migrations of tale nted professional from iran dram atically. The main causes of the brain drain can be generally understood when looking at the pushpull theory. There are many things wrong in iran, many of which are caused by the longterm. Today, some scholars, rather than using the word brain drain prefers more politically neutral terms known as brain exchange or brain. Brain drain is a jargon term which signifies the situation when talented and professional citizens migrate from their home country. Analysis and assessment of the brain drain phenomenon. On the other hand, brain drain in modern literature finds its positive effects too.
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